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6 Improved verbal fluency following unilateral right hemisphere subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Is implant hemisphere a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline?
- Victor A Del Bene, Roy C Martin, Sarah A Brinkerhoff, Joseph W Olson, Dario Marotta, Christopher L Gonzalez, Kelly A Mills, J Nicole Bentley, Barton L Guthrie, Harrison C Walker
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 112-113
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Objective:
Non-motor symptoms, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, are an overwhelming cause of disability in Parkinson’s disease (PD). While subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is safe and effective for motor symptoms, declines in verbal fluency after bilateral DBS surgery have been widely replicated. However, little is known about cognitive outcomes following unilateral surgeries.
Participants and Methods:We enrolled 31 PD patients who underwent unilateral STN-DBS in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind study (SUNDIAL Trial). Targets were chosen based on treatment of the most symptomatic side (n = 17 left hemisphere and 14 right hemisphere). All participants completed a neuropsychological battery (FAS/CFL, AVLT, DKEFS Color-Word Test) at baseline, then 2, 4, and 6 months post-surgery. Outcomes include raw scores for verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall, and DKEFS Color-Word Inhibition trial (Trial 3) completion time. At 2, 4, and 6 months, the neurostimulation type (directional versus ring mode) was randomized for each participant. We compared baseline scores for all cognitive outcome measures using Welch’s two-sample t-tests and used linear mixed effects models to examine longitudinal effects of hemisphere and stimulation on cognition. This test battery was converted to a teleneuropsychology administration because of COVID-19 mid-study, and this was included as a covariate in all statistical models, along with years of education, baseline cognitive scores, and levodopa equivalent medication dose at each time point.
Results:At baseline, patients who underwent left hemisphere implants scored lower on verbal fluency than right implants (t(20.66) = -2.49, p = 0.02). There were not significant differences between hemispheres in immediate recall (p = 0.57), delayed recall (p = 0.22), or response inhibition (p = 0.51). Post-operatively, left STN DBS patients experienced significant declines in verbal fluency over the study period (p = 0.02), while patients with right-sided stimulation demonstrated improvements (p < .001). There was no main effect of stimulation parameters (directional versus ring) on verbal fluency, memory, or inhibition, but there was a three-way interaction between time, stimulation parameters, and hemisphere on inhibition, such that left STN DBS patients receiving ring stimulation completed the inhibition trial faster (p = 0.035). After surgery, right STN DBS patients displayed faster inhibition times than patients with left implants (p = 0.015).
Conclusions:Declines in verbal fluency after bilateral stimulation are the most commonly reported cognitive sequalae of DBS for movement disorders. Here we found group level declines in verbal fluency after unilateral left STN implants, but not right STN DBS up to 6 months after surgery. Patients with right hemisphere implants displayed improvements in verbal fluency. Compared to bilateral DBS, unilateral DBS surgery, particularly in the right hemisphere, is likely a modifiable risk factor for verbal fluency declines in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Barriers to Surgical Intervention and Factors Influencing Motor Outcomes in Patients with Severe Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Province Wide Cohort Study
- Julie C. Beveridge, Allison Beveridge, Michael J. Morhart, Jaret L. Olson, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Rajiv Midha, Christine S.M. Chan, Bonnie Wang, K. Ming Chan
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 November 2023, pp. 1-9
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Introduction:
Despite the importance of timing of nerve surgery after peripheral nerve injury, optimal timing of intervention has not been clearly delineated. The goal of this study is to explore factors that may have a significant impact on clinical outcomes of severe peripheral nerve injury that requires reconstruction with nerve transfer or graft.
Materials and Methods:Adult patients who underwent peripheral nerve transfer or grafting in Alberta were reviewed. Clustered multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of time to surgery, type of nerve repair, and patient characteristics on strength outcomes. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis model was used to examine factors correlated with increased time to surgery.
Results:Of the 163 patients identified, the median time to surgery was 212 days. For every week of delay, the adjusted odds of achieving Medical Research Council strength grade ≥ 3 decreases by 3%. An increase in preinjury comorbidities was associated with longer overall time to surgery (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95). Referrals made by surgeons were associated with a shorter time to surgery compared to general practitioners (aHR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14–3.06). In patients treated with nerve transfer, the adjusted odds of achieving antigravity strength was 388% compared to nerve grafting; while the adjusted odds decreased by 65% if the injury sustained had a pre-ganglionic injury component.
Conclusion:Mitigating delays in surgical intervention is crucial to optimizing outcomes. The nature of initial nerve injury and surgical reconstructive techniques are additional important factors that impact postoperative outcomes.
On the evolution of scalar iso-surface area density in a turbulent mixing layer
- Brandon C. Blakeley, Britton J. Olson, James J. Riley
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 966 / 10 July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 July 2023, A33
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In this study, the transport equation for scalar iso-surface area density ($\varSigma$) in a turbulent, temporally developing mixing layer is examined. Exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of the terms in the $\varSigma$ transport equation is vital to improving our understanding of turbulent flows characterized by distinct interfaces, e.g. the flame surface or the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. Previous work reported by the authors identified that $\varSigma$ exhibits self-similar behaviour consistent with the development of the temporal mixing layer (Blakeley et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 951, 2022, A44). Accordingly, each of the terms in the $\varSigma$ transport equation is found to behave in a self-similar manner, though there are notable differences in the self-similar behaviours for each term. Based on the results presented herein, it is suggested that the rate of change of $\varSigma$ ($\partial \varSigma /\partial t$) and the advection term scale with $h\lambda _\varPhi /\Delta U$, where $h$ is the width of the mixing layer, $\lambda _\varPhi$ is the scalar Taylor length scale and $\Delta U$ is the velocity difference. The production and destruction terms are found to scale with an additional factor $({Re}\,Sc)^{1/2}$. In contrast, the molecular diffusion term is found to scale with a factor $({Re}\,Sc)^{-1/2}$ compared to $\partial \varSigma /\partial t$. Importantly, it is found that the difference between the production and destruction terms, or net surface ‘stretch’, scales with the same factor as $\partial \varSigma /\partial t$ and the advection term, which may have a significant impact on how the evolution of $\varSigma$ is understood and modelled in turbulent flows.
Outcomes of patients with bacteriuria/pyuria of clinically undetermined significance (BPCUS) treated with antibiotics in 23 community hospital emergency departments
- John J. Veillette, C. Dustin Waters, Jared Olson, George Vargyas, Emily M. Ingalls, Mary A. Hutton, Nick Tinker, Stephanie S. May, Rachel A. Foster, Jena Stallsmith, Todd J. Vento
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 June 2023, e114
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The optimal management of bacteriuria/pyuria of clinically undetermined significance (BPCUS) is unknown. Among 220 emergency department patients prescribed antibiotics for BPCUS, we found frequent readmissions, which were mitigated by outpatient follow-up visits. Observation and follow-up for an unknown diagnosis should be emphasized over antibiotics due to high likelihood of readmissions.
History of Native American land and natural resource policy in the United States: impacts on the field of paleontology
- Hannah L. Kempf, Hunter C. Olson, Pedro M. Monarrez, Lawrence Bradley, Christopher Keane, Sandra J. Carlson
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- Journal:
- Paleobiology / Volume 49 / Issue 2 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2023, pp. 191-203
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We highlight the historical and contemporary policies that govern paleontological research on federally recognized Native American lands. The United States has a long history of fossil dispossession from Indigenous Peoples, and federal policies surrounding the management of Native American lands (i.e., reservations), and the geological resources therein, have changed through time. These changes reflect shifting popular and political ideologies regarding Native American nations’ sovereignty and self-governance. As of 2022, the United States has a government-to-government relationship with federally recognized Tribal entities, but that has not always been the case. Historians have divided post-contact Native American federal policy into distinct eras: Colonial Times to 1820, Native American Removal and Reservation (1820–1887), Allotments and Attempted Assimilation (1887–1934), Reorganization and Preservation (1934–1953), Termination and Relocation (1953–1968), and Tribal Self-Determination (1968–present). Documentation of how the federal policies from each of these eras continue to impact current paleontological research is limited. We summarize major legislative actions, court cases, and historical events that have affected paleontological resource management in Native American territory. We use this historical context to identify federal policy gaps and highlight legal nuances associated with fossil collection and ownership, particularly given the importance of fossils to some Native Americans’ cultural patrimony. Finally, we explore how these gaps affect scientific research and highlight best practices for conducting paleontological research on vertebrate, invertebrate, and paleobotanical body and trace fossils using the CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics) Principles for Indigenous Data Governance (https://www.gida-global.org/care).
Self-similarity of scalar isosurface area density in a temporal mixing layer
- Brandon C. Blakeley, Britton J. Olson, James J. Riley
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 951 / 25 November 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 November 2022, A44
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Understanding the behaviour of scalar isosurfaces in a turbulent flow is of particular interest for many problems in turbulent mixing that contain sharp interfaces between regions of the flow. Common examples include combustion, where the chemical reactions occur in thin regions within the flow, and the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in shear flows, where a thin region separates the rotational, turbulent motions from the irrotational, non-turbulent background. Recent advances in computing technology allow for in-depth analysis of these interface problems that are difficult to quantify in a laboratory setting. In this paper, the results of a direct numerical simulation of a passive scalar $\varPhi$ evolving on a turbulent, temporally developing mixing layer are described. A novel approach has been taken to calculate the surface area of individual scalar isosurfaces, $A_{iso}$, throughout the simulation, as well as the mean isosurface area density, $\varSigma$, as a function of the cross-stream direction and time. A notable finding is that the profiles of $\varSigma$ develop in a self-similar manner when scaled by the Taylor scale of the scalar field, $\lambda _\phi$. Remarkably, the scaling appears to hold for a wide range of isovalues. A rough scaling argument based on the formal definition of $\varSigma$ and properties of a temporal mixing layer is presented which also exposes a dependence on $\lambda _\phi$. Based on these results, a possible scaling for the isosurface area is presented as $A_{iso}/A_0 \sim (Re \, Sc)^{1/2}$, where $Re$ and $Sc$ are local Reynolds and Schmidt numbers, respectively.
The Central Ohio Archaeological Digitization Survey: A Demonstration of Amplified Public Good from Collaboration with Private Collectors
- Kevin C. Nolan, Michael J. Shott, Eric Olson
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- Advances in Archaeological Practice / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 January 2022, pp. 83-90
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Significant parts of the archaeological record are in private hands, including those of responsible and responsive stewards (RRS). This is not necessarily a bad thing. The Central Ohio Archaeological Digitization Survey (COADS) engages RRS in collaborative study of central Ohio prehistory. COADS leverages the mass of RRS data constructively to add depth and breadth to a regional archaeological record. We recorded over 12,000 diagnostic points and about 5,000 other stone tools from 32 RRS collections. All were scanned as two-dimensional (2D) images, and a sample as three-dimensional (3D) models for landmark-based geometric morphometric (LGM) analysis and GIS analysis of prehistoric land use. The resulting dataset is >4.7 times the number of diagnostics recorded in the Ohio SHPO database for the region, shedding new light on land use and tool use over millennia. In addition to academic research, COADS creates an accessible collection of 3D models available to RRS colleagues and to society at large. This reciprocal sharing mutually benefits professionals and the RRS community. Professionals are not the only ones who research the cultural past; the more and better we collaborate with RRS and others with legitimate interests, the better our common understanding of that past.
Simulation and flow physics of a shocked and reshocked high-energy-density mixing layer
- Jason D. Bender, Oleg Schilling, Kumar S. Raman, Robert A. Managan, Britton J. Olson, Sean R. Copeland, C. Leland Ellison, David J. Erskine, Channing M. Huntington, Brandon E. Morgan, Sabrina R. Nagel, Shon T. Prisbrey, Brian S. Pudliner, Philip A. Sterne, Christopher E. Wehrenberg, Ye Zhou
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 915 / 25 May 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 March 2021, A84
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This paper describes a computational investigation of multimode instability growth and multimaterial mixing induced by multiple shock waves in a high-energy-density (HED) environment, where pressures exceed 1 Mbar. The simulations are based on a series of experiments performed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and designed as an HED analogue of non-HED shock-tube studies of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and turbulent mixing. A three-dimensional computational modelling framework is presented. It treats many complications absent from canonical non-HED shock-tube flows, including distinct ion and free-electron internal energies, non-ideal equations of state, radiation transport and plasma-state mass diffusivities, viscosities and thermal conductivities. The simulations are tuned to the available NIF data, and traditional statistical quantities of turbulence are analysed. Integrated measures of turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy both increase by over an order of magnitude due to reshock. Large contributions to enstrophy production during reshock are seen from both the baroclinic source and enstrophy–dilatation terms, highlighting the significance of fluid compressibility in the HED regime. Dimensional analysis reveals that Reynolds numbers and diffusive Péclet numbers in the HED flow are similar to those in a canonical non-HED analogue, but conductive Péclet numbers are much smaller in the HED flow due to efficient thermal conduction by free electrons. It is shown that the mechanism of electron thermal conduction significantly softens local spanwise gradients of both temperature and density, which causes a minor but non-negligible decrease in enstrophy production and small-scale mixing relative to a flow without this mechanism.
A program to drive innovation and entrepreneurship in academic cardiovascular center incorporating clinical team and patient codesign
- Meghan J. Cuddihy, Jonathan M. Servoss, David C. Olson, Bradley J. Martin, Chandu Vemuri, Kim A. Eagle, Hamid Ghanbari
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 February 2021, e89
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Traditional training and funding mechanisms in academic health centers often do not support its faculty, staff, and trainees in evaluating and implementing innovative ideas, necessitating supplemental innovation programming. The University of Michigan (U-M) Frankel Cardiovascular Center partnered with U-M Fast Forward Medical Innovation (FMMI), a biomedical innovation and commercialization unit funded in part by the Clinical and Translational Science Award awarded to the Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, to provide training and resources to advance ideas toward impacting patients. The program recruited faculty, trainees, staff, patients, and family members from multidisciplinary backgrounds. Engaging patients and family members expanded the ideas generated and furthered clinical relevance. Over two years, 11 project teams completed an 11-week, 16-session course on innovation and entrepreneurship concepts that incorporated workshops to progress ideas and develop a pitch for development funding. An increase in knowledge was reported in key innovation topics, such as customer discovery, assessing markets, and intellectual property. Participants reported an increase in project preparation, including obtaining stakeholder support, preparation of a development plan, readiness to apply for funding, and filing invention disclosures. This program can serve as a model for implementing training and funding mechanisms to advance innovative ideas.
Quaternary Tephrochronology and Deposition in the Subsurface Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, U.S.A.
- Katherine L. Maier, Emma Gatti, Elmira Wan, Daniel J. Ponti, Mark Pagenkopp, Scott W. Starratt, Holly A. Olson, John C. Tinsley
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 83 / Issue 2 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 378-393
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We document characteristics of tephra, including facies and geochemistry, from 27 subsurface sites in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, to obtain stratigraphic constraints in a complex setting. Analyzed tephra deposits correlate with: 1) an unnamed tephra from the Carlotta Formation near Ferndale, California, herein informally named the ash of Wildcat Grade (<~1.450 to >~ 0.780 Ma), 2) the Rockland ash bed (~ 0.575 Ma), 3) the Loleta ash bed (~ 0.390 Ma), and 4) middle Pleistocene volcanic ash deposits at Tulelake, California, and Pringle Falls, Bend, and Summer Lake, Oregon, herein informally named the dacitic ash of Hood (<~0.211 to >~ 0.180 Ma). All four tephra are derived from Cascades volcanic sources. The Rockland ash bed erupted from the southern Cascades and occurs in up to > 7-m-thick deposits in cores from ~ 40 m subsurface in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Tephra facies and tephra age constraints suggest rapid tephra deposition within fluvial channel and overbank settings, likely related to flood events shortly following volcanic eruption. Such rapidly deposited tephra are important chronostratigraphic markers that suggest varying sediment accumulation rates in Quaternary deposits below the modern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. This study provides the first steps in a subsurface Quaternary stratigraphic framework necessary for future hazard assessment.
Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science
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- J. L. Kline, S. A. Yi, A. N. Simakov, R. E. Olson, D. C. Wilson, G. A. Kyrala, T. S. Perry, S. H. Batha, E. L. Dewald, J. E. Ralph, D. J. Strozzi, A. G. MacPhee, D. A. Callahan, D. Hinkel, O. A. Hurricane, R. J. Leeper, A. B. Zylstra, R. R. Peterson, B. M. Haines, L. Yin, P. A. Bradley, R. C. Shah, T. Braun, J. Biener, B. J. Kozioziemski, J. D. Sater, M. M. Biener, A. V. Hamza, A. Nikroo, L. F. Berzak Hopkins, D. Ho, S. LePape, N. B. Meezan, D. S. Montgomery, W. S. Daughton, E. C. Merritt, T. Cardenas, E. S. Dodd
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 4 / 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 December 2016, e44
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Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains. To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional (1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However, double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.
Genetic Etiologies of Comorbidity and Stability for Reading Difficulties and ADHD: A Replication Study
- Sally J. Wadsworth, John C. DeFries, Erik G. Willcutt, Bruce F. Pennington, Richard K. Olson
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 19 / Issue 6 / December 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 October 2016, pp. 647-651
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Because of recent concerns about the replication of published results in the behavioral and biomedical sciences (Ioannidis, PLoS Medicine, Vol. 2, 2005, p. e124; Open Science Collaboration, Science, Vol. 349, 2015, p. 943; Pashler & Wagenmakers, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 7, 2012, pp. 528–530), we have conducted a replication of our recently published analyses of longitudinal reading performance and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder data from twin pairs selected for reading difficulties (Wadsworth et al., Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 18, 2015, pp. 755–761). Results obtained from univariate and bivariate (DeFries & Fulker, Behavior Genetics, Vol. 15, 1985, pp. 467–473; Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae: Twin Research, Vol. 37, 1988, pp. 205–216) analyses of data from a subset of twin pairs tested in the International Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development at post-4th grade, and its continuation into high school at post-9th grade, were compared to those from our previous report. Similar measures of reading performance, the same measures of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and similar selection criteria were used in the two studies. In general, the patterns of results obtained from these two independent studies were highly similar. Thus, these results clearly illustrate the principle that findings from studies in quantitative behavioral genetics often replicate (Plomin et al., Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 11, 2016, pp. 3–23).
The Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study of Reading Difficulties and ADHD: Etiologies of Comorbidity and Stability
- Sally J. Wadsworth, John C. DeFries, Erik G. Willcutt, Bruce F. Pennington, Richard K. Olson
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 18 / Issue 6 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 November 2015, pp. 755-761
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Approximately 60% of children with reading difficulties (RD) meet criteria for at least one co-occurring disorder. The most common of these, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), occurs in 20–40% of individuals with RD. Recent studies have suggested that genetic influences are responsible. To assess the genetic etiologies of RD and the comorbidity of RD and two ADHD symptom dimensions –– inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) –– we are conducting the first longitudinal twin study of RD and ADHD. Data from twin pairs in which at least one member of the pair met criteria for proband status for RD at initial assessment, and were reassessed 5 years later, were subjected to DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis. Analyses of reading composite data indicated that over 60% of the proband deficit at initial assessment was due to genetic influences, and that reading deficits at follow-up were due substantially to the same genetic influences. When a bivariate DF model was fitted to reading performance and IN data, genetic influences accounted for 60% of contemporaneous comorbidity and over 60% of the longitudinal relationship. In contrast, analysis of the comorbidity between reading performance and H/I indicated that common genetic influences accounted for only about 20% of the contemporaneous and about 10% of the longitudinal relationships. Results indicate that (1) genetic influences on RD are substantial and highly stable; (2) the comorbidity between RD and IN is due largely to genetic influences, both contemporaneously and longitudinally; and (3) genetic influences contribute significantly less to the comorbidity between RD and H/I.
Generalised Cantor sets and the dimension of products
- ERIC J. OLSON, JAMES C. ROBINSON, NICHOLAS SHARPLES
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- Journal:
- Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society / Volume 160 / Issue 1 / January 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2015, pp. 51-75
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- January 2016
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In this paper we consider the relationship between the Assouad and box-counting dimension and how both behave under the operation of taking products. We introduce the notion of ‘equi-homogeneity’ of a set, which requires a uniformity in the cardinality of local covers at all length-scales and at all points, and we show that a large class of homogeneous Moran sets have this property. We prove that the Assouad and box-counting dimensions coincide for sets that have equal upper and lower box-counting dimensions provided that the set ‘attains’ these dimensions (analogous to ‘s-sets’ when considering the Hausdorff dimension), and the set is equi-homogeneous. Using this fact we show that for any α ∈ (0, 1) and any β, γ ∈ (0, 1) such that β + γ ⩾ 1 we can construct two generalised Cantor sets C and D such that dimBC = αβ, dimBD = α γ, and dimAC = dimAD = dimA (C × D) = dimB (C × D) = α.
The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory
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- C. B. Forest, K. Flanagan, M. Brookhart, M. Clark, C. M. Cooper, V. Désangles, J. Egedal, D. Endrizzi, I. V. Khalzov, H. Li, M. Miesch, J. Milhone, M. Nornberg, J. Olson, E. Peterson, F. Roesler, A. Schekochihin, O. Schmitz, R. Siller, A. Spitkovsky, A. Stemo, J. Wallace, D. Weisberg, E. Zweibel
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- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 81 / Issue 5 / October 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 August 2015, 345810501
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The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory (WiPAL) is a flexible user facility designed to study a range of astrophysically relevant plasma processes as well as novel geometries that mimic astrophysical systems. A multi-cusp magnetic bucket constructed from strong samarium cobalt permanent magnets now confines a $10~\text{m}^{3}$, fully ionized, magnetic-field-free plasma in a spherical geometry. Plasma parameters of $T_{e}\approx 5$ to $20~\text{eV}$ and $n_{e}\approx 10^{11}$ to $5\times 10^{12}~\text{cm}^{-3}$ provide an ideal testbed for a range of astrophysical experiments, including self-exciting dynamos, collisionless magnetic reconnection, jet stability, stellar winds and more. This article describes the capabilities of WiPAL, along with several experiments, in both operating and planning stages, that illustrate the range of possibilities for future users.
Contributors
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- By Michael H. Allen, Leora Amira, Victoria Arango, David W. Ayer, Helene Bach, Christopher R. Bailey, Ross J. Baldessarini, Kelsey Ball, Alan L. Berman, Marian E. Betz, Emily A. Biggs, R. Warwick Blood, Kathleen T. Brady, David A. Brent, Jeffrey A. Bridge, Gregory K. Brown, Anat Brunstein Klomek, A. Jacqueline Buchanan, Michelle J. Chandley, Tim Coffey, Jessica Coker, Yeates Conwell, Scott J. Crow, Collin L. Davidson, Yogesh Dwivedi, Stacey Espaillat, Jan Fawcett, Steven J. Garlow, Robert D. Gibbons, Catherine R. Glenn, Deborah Goebert, Erica Goldstein, Tina R. Goldstein, Madelyn S. Gould, Kelly L. Green, Alison M. Greene, Philip D. Harvey, Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, Donna Holland Barnes, Andres M. Kanner, Gary J. Kennedy, Stephen H. Koslow, Benoit Labonté, Alison M. Lake, William B. Lawson, Steve Leifman, Adam Lesser, Timothy W. Lineberry, Amanda L. McMillan, Herbert Y. Meltzer, Michael Craig Miller, Michael J. Miller, James A. Naifeh, Katharine J. Nelson, Charles B. Nemeroff, Alexander Neumeister, Matthew K. Nock, Jennifer H. Olson-Madden, Gregory A. Ordway, Michael W. Otto, Ghanshyam N. Pandey, Giampaolo Perna, Jane Pirkis, Kelly Posner, Anne Rohs, Pedro Ruiz, Molly Ryan, Alan F. Schatzberg, S. Charles Schulz, M. Katherine Shear, Morton M. Silverman, April R. Smith, Marcus Sokolowski, Barbara Stanley, Zachary N. Stowe, Sarah A. Struthers, Leonardo Tondo, Gustavo Turecki, Robert J. Ursano, Kimberly Van Orden, Anne C. Ward, Danuta Wasserman, Jerzy Wasserman, Melinda K. Westlund, Tracy K. Witte, Kseniya Yershova, Alexandra Zagoloff, Sidney Zisook
- Edited by Stephen H. Koslow, University of Miami, Pedro Ruiz, University of Miami, Charles B. Nemeroff, University of Miami
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- A Concise Guide to Understanding Suicide
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- 05 October 2014
- Print publication:
- 18 September 2014, pp vii-x
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Risk factors for susceptibility to varicella in newly arrived adult migrants in Canada
- C. GREENAWAY, J. F. BOIVIN, S. CNOSSEN, C. ROSSI, B. TAPIERO, K. SCHWARTZMAN, S. OLSON, M. MILLER
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- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 142 / Issue 8 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2013, pp. 1695-1707
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Varicella occurs at an older age in tropical compared to cold climates. Migrants from tropical countries provide the opportunity to gain insights into observed global differences in varicella epidemiology. Severity of varicella increases with age thus, description of risk factors for varicella susceptibility will identify those who would benefit most from vaccination. A total of 1480 migrants, with a mean age of 32 years, were recruited in the pre-vaccination period (2002–2004) in Montreal, Canada. A questionnaire was administered and serum varicella antibodies were measured. Overall 6% were susceptible and ranged from 0·8% to 14·1% in subgroups. Risk factors for susceptibility were younger age, recent arrival, and originating from a tropical country. This could be modified by conditions that increased the probability of person-to-person spread of varicella through direct contact in source countries such as larger community size or household crowding. Many new young adult migrants would benefit from targeted varicella vaccination programmes.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Reading Performance Data from Twin Pairs with Reading Difficulties and Nontwin Siblings: The Augmented Model
- Sally J. Wadsworth, Richard K. Olson, Erik G. Willcutt, John C. DeFries
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- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / February 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2012, pp. 116-119
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The augmented multiple regression model for the analysis of data from selected twin pairs was extended to facilitate analyses of data from twin pairs and nontwin siblings. Fitting this extended model to data from both selected twin pairs and siblings yields direct estimates of heritability (h2) and the difference between environmental influences shared by members of twin pairs and those of sib or twin–sib pairs (i.e., c2(t) – c2 (s)). When this model was fitted to reading performance data from 293 monozygotic and 436 dizygotic pairs selected for reading difficulties, and 291 of their nontwin siblings, h2 = .48 ± .22, p = .03, and c2 (t) – c2 (s) = .22 ± .12, p = .06. Although the test for differential shared environmental influences is only marginally significant, the results of this analysis suggest that environmental influences on reading performance that are shared by members of twin pairs (.36) may be substantially greater than those for less contemporaneous twin–sibling pairs (.14).
Causal Models of Reading Disability: A Twin Study
- Rolando D. Tiu, Jr., Sally J. Wadsworth, Richard K. Olson, John C. DeFries
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- Journal:
- Twin Research / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / 01 June 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 275-283
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The genetic and environmental relationships among measures of phoneme awareness, naming speed, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and reading performance were investigated in 623 identical and fraternal twin pairs tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. A Cholesky decomposition analysis of these measures provided evidence supporting the double deficit hypothesis that difficulties in phonological processing and naming speed both contribute to reading disability. Additionally, the model revealed marginally significant genetic and significant non-shared environmental relationships between IQ and reading independent of naming speed and phoneme awareness. Thus a more complete causal model of reading disability should include IQ as well as measures of phonological processing and naming speed.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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